Transforming the Sector: What Can Existing Building Practices Contribute to a Net-Zero Construction Sector?

Abstract

This study explores the environmental viability of bio-based materials in unitised façade systems, responding to global climate challenges, focusing on the embodied GHG emissions of such systems. Employing Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) on the unit and the building level, the research demonstrates a substantial 58-64% reduction in carbon emissions for bio-based units compared to the mineral base case. The "breathable" design positively impacts indoor air quality. Hygrothermal assessments reveal the mineral unit's high risk of condensation in specific weather conditions. In contrast, bio-based units exhibit quicker moisture stabilization and consistently low relative humidity, enhancing indoor air quality and preventing mould growth. Feasibility assessments highlight advantages in assembly, weight reduction, and potential cost competitiveness, counterbalanced by challenges like supplier scarcity and guarantee uncertainties. The study concludes that bio-based units offer a viable and environmentally advantageous alternative. Acknowledging limitations, including supplier issues and a learning curve for assembly, the research underscores their potential for widescale adoption. Recommendations include further research to address these challenges and facilitate the practical implementation of bio-based materials in unitised façade systems.